Abu Hayyan Saeed's Political Science & IR Articles

  Preface The political history of Karachi, Pakistan’s largest metropolis, is often narrated through a limited lens: ethnic conflict, urban deprivation, and the rise of a single dominant political movement. Such narratives, while capturing significant social realities, frequently overlook the structural conditions and political engineering that shaped the city’s political trajectory. This book seeks to address that gap by examining the neglected and suppressed alternatives within Mohajir politics, particularly focusing on the Mohajir Ittehad Tehreek (MIT), and by analyzing how state selection mechanisms contributed to the institutionalization of political violence in urban Sindh. The idea for this book emerged from an attempt to understand a paradox: why did a non-violent and democratic political formation like MIT fail to survive in Karachi, while a more coercive political organization gained dominance and eventually became associated with violence? This question led to a deeper i...